預(yù)約高中1對1精品課程(面授/在線),滿足學(xué)員個性化學(xué)習(xí)需求 馬上報名↓
高考中定語從句的常見考點類型
● 關(guān)系詞的選擇 ●
定語從句的關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩大類。關(guān)系代詞起著代詞和連詞的作用,而關(guān)系副詞起著副詞(或介詞短語)和連詞的作用。
◆ 關(guān)系代詞that、which、who(m)、whose引導(dǎo)定語從句
1) 關(guān)系代詞that只能用于限定性定語從句,并在從句中作主語或賓語(不可作介詞的賓語)。例如:Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?(2005北京春)
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. what
解析:C。先行詞是the chicken farm,定語從句缺賓語,所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that、which或省略關(guān)系代詞,選C。本題所給選項中,where、when都是關(guān)系副詞,而what不能指代地點。
2) 關(guān)系代詞which可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,作從句的主語或賓語,指代整個主句或主句中的部分內(nèi)容;此時,其引導(dǎo)的定語從句一般位于主句后面,常譯為“這(那) 件事……”。例如:
His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海)
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
解析:答案選A。關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語,指代整個主句。
注意:That和which作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句時的主要區(qū)別為:which可用于非限定性定語從句中,指代物或整個主句或主句中的一部分,也可以用于介詞之后;而that則不能用于上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中。
3) 關(guān)系代詞who和whom引導(dǎo)定語從句,都可用于指人,用法類似。區(qū)別主要在于:whom在從句中只能作賓語;而who在從句中可以作主語,也可以代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓格的whom,但它的前面不能有介詞;如果用于介詞后指人時,必須用賓格的whom。在非限定性定語從句中,whom不可用that或who替代。例如:
Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. (2006北京)
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who
D. 不填; 不填
解析:C。兩處空格后均為定語從句,均缺少關(guān)系詞。先進(jìn)個定語從句的先行詞是woman,要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句,同時該從句中缺主語,用who;第二個定語從句的先行詞是those,在句中指人,其定語從句也缺少主語,用who。所以選C。
4) Whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時,其后應(yīng)緊跟一個名詞,構(gòu)成名詞短語,即“whose + 名詞”的形式;whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句,其先行詞不僅可指人,還可指物;若指物時,還可用of which代替,但詞序不同,即“whose + 名詞 = the + 名詞 + of which”。例如:
1、Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair. (2006福建)
A. whose
B. which C. of which
D. what
解析:A。關(guān)系代詞whose意為“……的”,表示所屬關(guān)系,在定語從句中作定語,修飾從句的主語roof;從句中whose roof 指的是the house's roof。由于roof前缺少修飾限定詞,故此處不能用of which代替。
2、Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)
A. which price
B. the price of which C. its price
D. the price of whose
解析:B。先行詞為“an ancient Chinese vase”,而定語從句講述的是這個vase的price如何如何,同時,從句缺少主語,所以要用whose price或the price of which來引導(dǎo)從句。
◆關(guān)系副詞where、when、why引導(dǎo)定語從句
關(guān)系副詞where、when、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句,分別在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c、時間、原因狀語。
3、If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
解析:D。先行詞是chairs,在定語從句中作地點狀語,要用where,相當(dāng)于“in which”。
4、We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003 北京)
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when
解析:D。先行詞是age,when引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作時間狀語。
◆As引導(dǎo)定語從句
1) As用于限定性定語從句,并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或狀語,構(gòu)成the same...as、such...as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語)
I've never seen such a clever boy as he is. (as作表語)
I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作狀語)
These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. (2000 上海春)
A. like
B. as
C. that
D. which
解析:答案選B。As在定語從句中作expected的賓語。
2) As引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,作從句的主語、表語或賓語,用來指代整個主句的內(nèi)容,常譯為“正如……”。但不同于which,as引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后,還可位于主句中間。例如:
The Beatles, ____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津)
A. what B. that C. how D. as
解析:D。As代表整個主句The Beatles came from Liverpool,作定語從句中remember的賓語。
___ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (2004 北京)
A. It B. As C. That D. What解析:B。As代表整個主句talks between the countries are making progress,作定語從句中的主語。句意為:正如報紙上所報道的那樣,各國的會談取得了進(jìn)展。