中考英語重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解——?jiǎng)釉~的延續(xù)性問題

　　我們首先要了解什么是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，什么是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(也叫短暫性動(dòng)詞)。

　　延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間(幾分鐘/小時(shí)/年)，如live、keep等，它可以和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用(這樣的時(shí)間狀語經(jīng)常用since或for引導(dǎo)，可以用how long對(duì)它進(jìn)行提問)。

　　非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生即結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)，如stop、begin、borrow等，它不可以和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用;另外它也不能和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，而且有持續(xù)的過程，如果這樣的動(dòng)詞和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，往往表示的是即將進(jìn)行的意思。

　　在中考英語里，往往這樣考查同學(xué)們對(duì)這個(gè)概念是否理解：

　　一、till/until的用法中涉及的動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性問題：

　　如果一個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語由till/until引導(dǎo)，那么它的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞就必須用肯定形式;如果它的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞就必須用否定形式。

　　例如：He didn’t leave until/till he finished his homework. 他完成家庭功課才離開。

　　(在這個(gè)句子里leave 為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以用了否定形式)

　　He waited for the girl till it was late. 他等那個(gè)女孩一直到很晚的時(shí)候。

　　(在這個(gè)句子里wait為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以用了肯定形式)

　　二、完成時(shí)態(tài)里涉及的動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性問題：

　　很多同學(xué)在初學(xué)完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候都不能正確地翻譯這樣的句子，例如：他買這輛車已經(jīng)兩年了。很多同學(xué)會(huì)把它翻譯成：He has bought this car for two years. 在這個(gè)句子里，動(dòng)詞buy是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而時(shí)間狀語表示的是一段時(shí)間，所以把它們聯(lián)系起來顯然是不恰當(dāng)?shù)�。正確的說法是：He has had this car for two years.

　　并不是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，而只是在時(shí)間狀語表示的是一段時(shí)間的時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞只能為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。比如：The film had begun when he got to the cinema. (當(dāng)他到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候電影已經(jīng)開始了。)這樣的說法沒有什么問題，但是“The film had begun for ten minutes when he got to the cinema. ”(當(dāng)他到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。)就不正確，因?yàn)槭�分鐘表示的是一段時(shí)間，而begin不能延續(xù)，所以應(yīng)該把這個(gè)句子改成：The film had been on for ten minutes when he got to the cinema.

　　三、“how long”短語涉及的動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性問題：

　　“how long”是對(duì)一段時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短提問，所以和它連用的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如“這本書我能借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?”不能說成：How long can I borrow this book? 而應(yīng)該說成：How long can I keep this book?

　　某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如果要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，往往要進(jìn)行改變，對(duì)此我作了簡(jiǎn)單的小結(jié)，請(qǐng)大家牢記：前面為短暫，后面為延續(xù)

　　2.買 buy: have

　　3.死 die: be dead

　　4.走/離開go/leave: be away

　　5.參軍 join the army: be in the army/be a soldier

　　6.入黨 join the Party: be in the party/be a Party member

　　7.開始放映/展出 begin: be on

　　8.交朋友 make friends with sb: be friends

　　9.結(jié)婚marry: be married

　　10.開放/營(yíng)業(yè) open: be open

　　11.關(guān)閉/停業(yè) close: be closed

　　……

　　中診斷題訓(xùn)練(答案為畫線部分)

　　1. ----How long may I _____ the book?

　　---- For two weeks.

　　A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy

　　2. ----I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

　　---- Oh, not at all. I _______ here for only a few minutes.

　　A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

　　3. ----______ you _____ China for a long time?

　　---- Yes, I came here three years ago.

　　A. Have; come to B. Did; come to C. Have; been in

　　4. --How long _____ you _____ here?

　　-- For about two years so far.

　　A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. were; swimming

　　5. Jack has _____ for a week.

　　A. had cold B. had a cold C. got a cold D. caught a cold

　　6. When we hurried to the theatre (劇院), the concert ____ for five minutes.

　　A. had been on B. had begun C. had begun on D. began

　　7. –When did you join the League ?

　　-- Last year. I ____ a league member for one year.

　　A. was B. became C. have been

　　8. I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.

　　A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept

　　9. Anna, could you lend me this book, please?

　　I’m sorry, but I _______ it for only two days. I haven’t finished it yet.

　　A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had

　　10. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer ______ for half an hour.

　　A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away

　　11. ---How long have you ________ the motorbike?

　　---For about two weeks.

　　A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent

　　12. A: How long can I ______ the magazine?

　　B: For two weeks.

　　A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep

　　13. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend. He _______it for a week.

　　A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has kept D. lend

　　14. Is your father a Party member?

　　Yes, he _____the Party three years ago. He ______a Party member for three years.

　　A. joined, has been B. has joined, has been C. was joined, is D. joined, was

　　15. _____your sister ____ in Greener China for a long time?

　　Yes. She joined it five years ago.

　　A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. have; joined

　　16. Dongdong has _____ Greener China for two months.

　　A. joined B. taken part in C. been D. been a member of

　　17. ---How long may I _____ the dictionary?

　　---For half a year.

　　A. take B. keep C. borrow D. lend

　　18. We won’t wait for you ______ you come here on time.

　　A. if B. unless C. when D. till

　　19. ---It’s 9 o’clock now. I must go.

　　--- It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _________ it stops.

　　A. when B. since C. while D. until

　　20. The dinner didn’t start _____all the friends arrived.

　　A. when B. while C. until D. whether

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