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狀語從句知識點:英語從屬連詞用法分類詳解
1. 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞
(1) 表示“當…時候”或“每當”的時間連詞。主要的 when, while, as, whenever:
He jumped up when the phone rang. 電話鈴響時他嚇了一跳。
We listened while the teacher read. 老師朗讀時我們聽著。
The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要離開,電話鈴就響了起來。
(2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的時間連詞。主要的有before, after:
Turn the lights off before you leave. 離開前請關(guān)燈。
He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大學畢業(yè)后就開始做這份工作。
(3) 表示“自從”或“直到”的時間連詞。主要的有since, until, till:
He has lived here since he got married. 他結(jié)婚后就一直住在這兒。
Most men worked until [till] they’re 65. 大多數(shù)男人工作到65歲。
(4) 表示“一…就”的時間連詞。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等:
Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一見到他就把這消息告訴他。
I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her. 我一看到她就認出她來了。
I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一到來我就要見他。
I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。
Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來我們就可以開始。
(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時間連詞。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時),(the) last time(上次),the first time(先進次):
Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我見到他的時候,他好像有病。
Next time you’re in London come and visit us. 你下次來倫敦過來探望我們。
Do look me up next time you’re in London. 你下次到倫敦來,一定來找我。
Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去訪問他,他都不在。
You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時都可以給我打電話。
【注】every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略,而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。
2. 引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞
這類連詞主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等:
If anyone calls tell them I’m not at home. 要是有人打電話來,就說我不在家。
You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就會失敗。
As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記,請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆?/p>
【注】在條件狀語從句中,通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。不過,有時表示條件的 if之后可能用 will,但那不是將來時態(tài), 而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(will為情態(tài)動詞):
If you will wait a moment, I’ll fetch the money. 請等一下,我就去拿錢。
3. 引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞
主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等:
We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我們使用機是為了節(jié)約時間。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 說清楚,以便讓他們能明白你的意思。
Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 安靜些,免得把嬰兒吵醒。
He is working hard for fear he should fail. 他努力工作以免會失敗。
4. 引導結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞
主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等:
We’re all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我們現(xiàn)在都到齊了,終于能開會了。
It’s so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一個很難的問題,我們沒有一個人能回答。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗戶用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。
【注】so that 中的that在口語中通?梢允÷。
5. 引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞
主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等:
He couldn’t got to school because he had a cold. 他因患感冒而未能去上學。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 大家都到了,我們就開始吧。
Seeing that it is 8 o’clock, we’ll wait no longer. 由于時間已到8點,我們將不再等了。
Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然來了,較好還是留下吧。