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小學(xué)英語語法順口溜:賓語從句

2016-10-11 10:29:36  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理


  

  巧記賓語從句順口溜 附賓語從句詳解:


  [賓語從句歌訣]


  賓語從句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展風(fēng)采。


  展風(fēng)采有三關(guān),引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。


  主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致,陳述語序永不變。


  陳述請你選that,疑問需用if/whether連。


  特殊問句作賓從,原來問詞不用換。


  三關(guān)過后莫得意,人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意。


  留意變臉的if/when,從句的簡化記心間。


  [歌訣解碼]


  一、三姊妹


  賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型:


  1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:


  We knew (that)we should learn from each other.


  2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:


  Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.


  3. 由who,where,how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:


  Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?


  二、三關(guān)


  1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)


  如果從句是陳述句,引導(dǎo)詞用that(that在口語或非正式文體中常省略);如果從句是一般疑問句,引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether;如果從句是特殊疑問句,引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。


  2. 語序關(guān)


  ①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句,語序不變,即仍用陳述語序。如:


  He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.


  ②一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句,語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如:


  Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.


  When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.


  3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)


 、偃绻骶涫乾F(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如:


  I have heard(that)he will come back next week.


 、谌绻骶涫沁^去的某種時(shí)態(tài),那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如:


  He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.


  注意:如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí),不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:


  He said that light travels much faster than sound.


  三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用


  1. 從句的主語如果是先進(jìn)人稱,變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致;如果是第二人稱,則與主句的賓語一致;如果是第三人稱,不用變化。如:


  “May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.


  “Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.


  2. 賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句,用句號;主句是疑問句,用問號。如:


  Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.


  Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?


  四、兩副面孔


  if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。因此,遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下,它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如:


  If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(時(shí)間狀語從句)


  I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語從句)


  五、從句的簡化


  1. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是find,see,watch,hear等感官動詞時(shí),從句常簡化為“賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:


  She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.


  2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí),從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如:


  She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.


  3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí),賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:


  Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?


  小編推薦:如何給孩子選擇一個(gè)合適的初中?2017年小學(xué)手冊

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