小學(xué)生英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)：副詞

2016-11-23 10:11:38 　來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

　　副詞

　　1. 副詞的用法：

　　(1)修飾動(dòng)詞： He works hard. He speaks slowly.

　　(2)修飾形容詞： The flower is very beautiful.

　　(3)修飾其他副詞： He works very hard.

　　(4)修飾名詞： Even a child (or Even he)can do it.

　　(5)修飾全句： Probably he will come back.

　　(6)修飾副詞片語： He came exactly at two o‘clock.

　　(7)修飾副詞子句： He started soon after we came.

　　2. 副詞的位置

　　(1)副詞修飾形容詞、副詞(片語或子句)時(shí)，通常放在前面。

　　The mountain is very beautiful.

　　He came long before the appointed time.

　　(2)修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞

　　不及物動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 She speaks well.

　　及物動(dòng)詞 + 受詞 + 副詞 She speaks English well.

　　(3)表確定時(shí)間或場(chǎng)所的副詞，通常放在句首或句末，放在句首時(shí)語氣較強(qiáng)。

　　She was born in Taipei in 1948.

　　(4)always， never， often， sometimes， usually等頻率副詞的位置。

　　(A)在一般動(dòng)詞前： They always say so.

　　(B)有動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，在be動(dòng)詞后： I am always busy.

　　(C)有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在助動(dòng)詞和本動(dòng)詞間： This job will never be finished.

　　(5)置于句首修飾全句： Fortunately he succeeded in the examination.

　　(6)同類兩個(gè)以上的副詞須依 (單位較小者 + 單位較大者)的順序排列。

　　He lives at Taichung， in Taiwan， Republic of China.

　　(7)有兩個(gè)以上不同種類的副詞修飾語時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋?地點(diǎn)+狀態(tài)+次數(shù)+時(shí)間。

　　She arrived there safely the other day.

　　3. 時(shí)間副詞

　　(1)Time“時(shí)候”：可以用作when的答語，如： late ( = at a late time)， now ( = at this time)， presently (= at the present time)， then ( = at that time)， just， nowadays， today， etc.

　　I’ve just heard that you are leaving us. ( = at this very moment)

　　Nowadays， many teenagers have long hair. ( = at the present time)

　　注：兩個(gè)以上表時(shí)間的副詞須依“單位小的時(shí)間+單位大的時(shí)間”排列。

　　I‘ll see you at nine on Monday.

　　(2)Duration“期間” ：用來作how long的答語，如：

　　momentarily， temporarily， for many weeks， long， from May till August， etc.

　　Has he been ill long? Yes， he has been ill since the end of May.

　　He was away from school (for)four or five weeks.

　　(3)Frequency“頻率”：用來作how often的答語，可分兩種：

　　(A)非限定頻率：always， usually， often， sometimes， seldom， ever， etc.

　　The sun always rises in the east. My brother rarely writes to me.

　　(B)限定頻率：daily， hourly， monthly， annually， twice， everyday， once， etc.

　　I have been in Singapore once.

　　We have English lessons every other day.

　　注：以上三種時(shí)間副詞在一起時(shí)，其順序?yàn)?ldquo;期間+頻率+時(shí)間”。

　　I was there for a day or so every year during my childhood.

　　注： Seldom， rarely， never等有否定意義的頻率副詞置于句首，要將助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞放在主詞之前。

　　Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs.

　　4.地方副詞：表示where?的副詞，也包括“動(dòng)態(tài)方向”的副詞，如：

　　below， by， down， elsewhere， far， here， home， in， locally， near， off， opposite， out， around， away， back， outward(s)， right， sideway(s)， upward(s)， etc.

　　(1)地方副詞通常置于句尾，加強(qiáng)語氣時(shí)可放在句首。

　　He lives in a small village. They are not there.

　　(2)兩個(gè)地放副詞并列時(shí)，地方確定的副詞在后面，地方不確定的副詞在前面。

　　The children running around upstairs.

　　(3)兩個(gè)以上的地方副詞須依“小地方+大地方”的順序排列。

　　Many people eat in restaurants in London.

　　5. 幾個(gè)特殊副詞的用法：

　　(1)enough， too，

　　(A)enough放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞后面; too放在形容詞和副詞前面。

　　She’s old enough to do some work.

　　She‘s too old to do any work.

　　(B)too…to + 動(dòng)詞“太…而不能”， enough to + 動(dòng)詞“足夠可以”(= so…that)

　　I am too poor to afford such extravagance.

　　= I am so poor that I cannot afford such extravagance.

　　You are rich enough to keep a maid.

　　= You are so rich that you can keep a maid.

　　(2)very， much，

　　(A)very修飾形容詞，副詞; much (或very much)修飾動(dòng)詞。

　　He spoke very carefully.

　　It is much talked about these days.

　　(B)Very修飾原級(jí)形容詞及副詞;much修飾比較級(jí)，更高級(jí)的形容詞及副詞。

　　our work is very good.

　　This is much better.

　　This is much (by far)the best.

　　(3)already， yet， still，

　　(A)Already用于肯定句，作“已經(jīng)”解; yet用于否定句，作“還”解，用于疑問句作“已經(jīng)”解。

　　I already like him. (= I have by this time come to like him.)

　　He can’t drive yet. (= He can‘t drive up to this time.)

　　注：Already用在疑問句或否定句時(shí)，表驚訝。

　　Have you already seen him? (= That was quick.)

　　(B)Still表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，作“仍然”解。

　　I still like him. (= I continue to like him.)

　　注：Still放在動(dòng)詞前后，有時(shí)句意不同。

　　He is still standing. (continue to stand)

　　He is standing still. (= standing motionless)

　　(4)only和 also常隨句中位置的變動(dòng)，句意和語氣也會(huì)改變。

　　Only John phoned Mary today.

　　John phoned only Mary today.

　　John phoned Mary only today (today only)。

　　(5)just， merely， purely， simply等字放在所修飾的詞語之前; alone則放在其后。

　　You can get a B grade just (merely， purely， simply)for that answer.

　　You can get a B grade for that answer alone.

　　6.副詞應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)：

　　(1)有些字可當(dāng)形容詞又可當(dāng)副詞，例如： early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

　　We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)

　　We went by a fast train. (形容詞)

　　We had breakfast early. (副詞)

　　Don’t speak so fast. (副詞)

　　(2)above; then; after; up; down; away; home等地方或時(shí)間副詞亦可作形容詞。

　　The above statement (= the statement which is above)

　　(3)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~，可在字尾加ly，也可以不加，不過在字義上不同。

　　(A)easy“安適地”; easily“容易地”;

　　Stand easy!

　　He‘s not easily satisfied.

　　(B)clear ( = completely“完全地”; clearly“顯然地”)

　　The bullet went clear through the door.