第11講:動(dòng)詞語態(tài)
和時(shí)態(tài)一樣,語態(tài)也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,用來說明句中主語和謂語的關(guān)系。如果動(dòng)作由主語執(zhí)行,就可使用主動(dòng)語態(tài),如果主語不是由主語執(zhí)行,主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,則可使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由此我們可以看出英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
被動(dòng)語態(tài):表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,什么事情被主語做。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成,一定要記住是及物動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致,注意要與我們前一講學(xué)過的八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)配合使用。
適合被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況:
不知道動(dòng)作由誰發(fā)出,或由于某種原因沒有必要說明誰發(fā)出動(dòng)作。如: This table is made of wood. 需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),如: This park was built for children.
注意:主動(dòng)句中的主語如果是people,they,somebody等含糊的表示"人或人們",沒有確指執(zhí)行者是誰,為被動(dòng)句時(shí),通常省略"by+執(zhí)行者"。如:The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.
注意:在主動(dòng)句里,不定式在make,see,hear等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)都不帶to,但變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),后面的不定式都需帶to。如:He was made to do that work.
主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況:學(xué)了被動(dòng)語態(tài),別以為主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句可以隨意轉(zhuǎn)換,千萬要注意呀!有些主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞時(shí), 如:You should take care of yourself. 當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的而不是表具體動(dòng)作的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),如:Does the skirt suit you?
訓(xùn)練:
1. The stars _______ in the daytime.
A. can't see
B. can't be seen
C. can't been see
D. see
2. A present _______ to me by Mother next week.
A. will give
B. is given
C. will be give
D. will be given
3. The Communist Party of China _______ in Shanghai in 1921.
A. was found
B. found
C. was founded
D. founded
4. Great changes _______ in my hometown since liberation.
A. have been taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
5. I was astonished (吃驚) to hear that the colour TV set _______ 5,000 yuan.
A. has cost
B. cost
C. costed
D. was cost
6. He was seen _________ something from the shop.
A. steel
B. to steal
C. to be stolen
D. stealed
7. She has _________ by her classmates.
A. laughed
B. laughed at
C. been laughed
D. been laughed at
8. The computer ________ in the room.
A. can use
B. can be use
C. can be used
D. can used
9. That clock ______ Big Ben.
A. call
B. calling
C. is called
D. calls
10. The film _______ again sometimes next week.
A. shows
B. will shows
C. will be showed
D. shows