中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之語法講解第十一講—?jiǎng)釉~語態(tài)

　　第11講：動(dòng)詞語態(tài)

 

　　和時(shí)態(tài)一樣，語態(tài)也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明句中主語和謂語的關(guān)系。如果動(dòng)作由主語執(zhí)行，就可使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果主語不是由主語執(zhí)行，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，則可使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由此我們可以看出英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

 

　　被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，什么事情被主語做。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成，一定要記住是及物動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，注意要與我們前一講學(xué)過的八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)配合使用。

 

　　適合被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況：

 

　　不知道動(dòng)作由誰發(fā)出，或由于某種原因沒有必要說明誰發(fā)出動(dòng)作。如： This table is made of wood. 　　需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，如： This park was built for children.

 

　　注意：主動(dòng)句中的主語如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示"人或人們"，沒有確指執(zhí)行者是誰，為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，通常省略"by+執(zhí)行者"。如：The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.

 

　　注意：在主動(dòng)句里,不定式在make，see，hear等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)都不帶to，但變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，后面的不定式都需帶to。如：He was made to do that work.

 

　　主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況：學(xué)了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，別以為主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句可以隨意轉(zhuǎn)換，千萬要注意呀！有些主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞時(shí), 如：You should take care of yourself.　當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的而不是表具體動(dòng)作的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如：Does the skirt suit you?

 

　　訓(xùn)練：

 

　　1. The stars _______ in the daytime.

 

　　A. can't see

 

　　B. can't be seen

 

　　C. can't been see

 

　　D. see

 

　　2. A present _______ to me by Mother next week.

 

　　A. will give

 

　　B. is given

 

　　C. will be give

 

　　D. will be given

 

　　3. The Communist Party of China _______ in Shanghai in 1921.

 

　　A. was found

 

　　B. found

 

　　C. was founded

 

　　D. founded

 

　　4. Great changes _______ in my hometown since liberation.

 

　　A. have been taken place

 

　　B. took place

 

　　C. have taken place

 

　　D. were taken place

 

　　5. I was astonished (吃驚) to hear that the colour TV set _______ 5,000 yuan.

 

　　A. has cost

 

　　B. cost

 

　　C. costed

 

　　D. was cost

 

　　6. He was seen _________ something from the shop.

 

　　A. steel

 

　　B. to steal

 

　　C. to be stolen

 

　　D. stealed

 

　　7. She has _________ by her classmates.

 

　　A. laughed

 

　　B. laughed at

 

　　C. been laughed

 

　　D. been laughed at

 

　　8. The computer ________ in the room.

 

　　A. can use

 

　　B. can be use

 

　　C. can be used

 

　　D. can used

 

　　9. That clock ______ Big Ben.

 

　　A. call

 

　　B. calling

 

　　C. is called

 

　　D. calls

 

　　10. The film _______ again sometimes next week.

 

　　A. shows

 

　　B. will shows

 

　　C. will be showed

 

　　D. shows