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2017年中考英語語法專題詳解三：介詞、連詞
介詞、連詞
一、介詞
1. 介詞概述：介詞表示它與后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關系。介詞是虛詞，不能單獨做句子成分。介詞在英語中用法很活，也無一定規(guī)律可循。在初中范圍內還應學一個記住一個，特別是那些和動詞的特殊搭配。
2. 常用介詞的意義和用法。
⑴ 時間或地點介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別：
表示時間時， in表示在一段時間里(在將來時句子中則表示在一段時間之后)， on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等， at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間;
表示地點時， in表示在某個范圍之內， on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸，at則表示在某個具體的場所或地點。如：
He was born on the night of May 10th.
I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.
His glasses are on the desk.
My brother is at the bus stop.
�、� after與in表示時間的用法區(qū)別：“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之后”常用于一般過去時態(tài);“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久)之后”，常用于將來時態(tài)。如：
He said that he would come back after 6：00.
My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month.
�、� since與for表示時間的用法區(qū)別：“since+(具體時刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現在”，“for +(一段時間)”表示“持續(xù)一段時間”，都常用于完成時態(tài);如：
My father has worked in this factory since 1970.
My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years.
�、� by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“工具、手段”，但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以……方式”，在被動句中可以表示動作的執(zhí)行者;in表示“使用”某種語言/文字，with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段。如：
We write with our hands and walk with our feet.
Please speak in English.
Let’s go to the zoo by bus.
It was invented by Adison.
�、� about與on的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“有關…”，但是about的意義比較廣，而on主要表示“有關…(專題/課程)”。如：
Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China.
They are talking about the English test.
⑹ through與across、over的用法區(qū)別： through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”，可互換，但是表示“翻過…”時只能用over. 如：
Just then a kangaroo (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時一只袋鼠跑過路面)
There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)
They climbed over the mountain and arrived there (他們翻過大山到達了那里)/
The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過一個大門來到另一個公園)
(7)as與like的區(qū)別：兩個詞都表示“像……”，但是as譯為“作為……”，表示的是職業(yè)、職務、作用等事實，而like譯為“像……一樣”，表示外表，不是事實。如：
Let me speak to you as a teacher.(我以老師的身份和你講話。)
Let me speak to you like a teacher.(讓我像一位老師一樣和你講話)
(8)in front of 與in the front of：in front of“在…的前面”， 與in the front of“在…的前部”。如：
A group of people was standing in front of the hall.
In the front of the hall stood a group of people.
(12)except與besides的區(qū)別：except“除了”，表示排除掉某人物，即不包含;而besides“除了”則表示包含，即“不僅……又……”。如：
Everyone went to the park except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了公園)(Tom沒有去公園)/
Besides maths he also studied many other subjects.(除了數學之外，他還學其他許多功課)(“數學”也是他學的功課之一)
連詞
1.連詞概述：連詞是一種虛詞，用于連接單詞，短語或句子，但不單獨做句子成分。按照連詞的性質，可將連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞如：and，but，or，for等，它們即可連接單詞，短語，又可連接句子。從屬連詞如：when，before ，because等，它們主要引導名詞性從句。
2.常見連詞的用法：
1)并列連詞 的用法： 并列連詞有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, still,
And： 連接單詞短語句子 。如：Tom and I study in the same school.
But, or ：I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you like coffee or tea?
Nothing but除了，只有： I did nothing but watch it.
Or表示否則：如： Hurry up or you will miss the train.
for 表示后面的句子是原因。如： He is good at piano for he practices harder than others.
Not only…but also 不僅…而且�？刹⒘兄�、謂、賓、表及句子。主語并列時，謂語要就近一致。如： Not only he but also I am a nurse.
As well as 以及，同樣。并列單詞、短語、句子。并列主語時，動詞要隨前面的主語變化 .如：He works as well as he can
Either…or 既…又…，或…或…，并列主、謂、賓、表及狀語 ，如：Either come in or go out.
Neither…nor 既不…也不， 并列主、謂、賓、表、狀語，并列主語時，謂語就近一致。如：Neither you nor he is lazy.
Both…and 和，既…也，并列主、謂、賓及表語。I can speak both English and French.
nor 也不，引導句子要倒裝 。如：He can not play the piano, nor can I.
so 因此，所以，不和because連用。如：You like swimming, so do I.
1) 從屬連詞的用法： 從屬連詞有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that
after 表示“時間”，在…之后。如：After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
Although/though 表示讓步， “盡管”。如： Although she is young, she knows a lot.
as 表示時間，“當…時”，方式“象…”，原因，“由于、因為”讓步，“盡管、雖然” 。如： As it was rainy, we couldn’t go out now.
As if/as though 表方式，“似乎、好像” 。如： He told us such a story as though he had been there before.
As long as/so long as 表條件，“只要” 。如： As long as I am here, I’ll go to help you.
As soon as 表時間，“一…就…”。如： I will call you as soon as I come back.
because 表原因，“因為”。如： I have to practice more because I am not good at English.
before 表時間，“在…之前’’ 。如： You should think more before you do it.
Even if/ even though 表讓步，“即使”。如： You should try again even if you failed.
Hardly…when 表時間，“(剛)一…就”。如： Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
if “假如”，引導條件狀語從句。如： We will stay at home if the rain doesn’t stop.
“是否”，引導賓語從句。如; I don’t know if he goes shopping.
In order that 表目的，“為了，以便”。如： We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.
No matter +疑問詞 表讓步，“無論，不管”。如： No matter what you do, you should try your best.
No sooner…than 表時間，“剛一…就…”。如： No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
once 表時間，“一旦…”。如： Once you read this book, you’ll never forget it.
since 表時間，“自從…以來”。如： He has been in this city since he left school.
表原因，“既然，由于” 。如： Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.
so far as/as far as 表條件，“就…而言，就…而論”。如：As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.
So that 表目的，“以便” 。如： Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
So…that 表結果“如此，以致”。如： He got up so early that he caught the early bus.
than 表示比較，“比” 。如： Things were worse than we thought.
unless 表條件，“除非，如果不” 。如： You will fail in the test unless you study hard.
Until/till 表時間，“直到…為止” 。如： I’ll wait till my mother comes back.
when 表時間，“當…時’’。如： When they got there, the train has left.
whether “是否”引導名詞性從句 。如： Whether he can come to see us is unknown.
表讓步，“不管/無論、是否”。如：Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.
while 表時間，“當…時” 。如： While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
whenever 表時間，“無論什么時候”。如： Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.
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