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2019年北京石景山區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點(diǎn)(一)
"使令"動詞的分詞形容詞
有一類動詞含使令意味,譯成"使……",常見的有interest, excite, frighten, surprise, amuse, tire等。這類動詞大多可以構(gòu)成-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的分詞形容詞。-ing分詞表示被修飾詞本身的性質(zhì)、特征,意為"令人……的",而-ed分詞表示被修飾詞對外界事物的體驗、感受,意為"感到……的"。例如:
1. Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
surprised 修飾the professor,意為"感到吃驚",在句中作狀語。
2. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.
amused修飾her colleagues,意為"感到很高興",在句中作賓補(bǔ)。
3. Mr. Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.
tired 修飾Mr. Smith,意為"感到厭倦",在句中作狀語;boring修飾speech,意為"令人乏味的",在句中作定語。
四、常用的系表結(jié)構(gòu):"be/get +P.P"
還有一類動詞常接人或一個反身代詞作賓語,使用時常用被動式,有人將這類動詞的過去分詞看作是形容詞,而把這種結(jié)構(gòu)(be/get +P.P)稱為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的有:be/get seated/located/lost/ hurt/dressed/ settled/ married/ engaged, etc. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作定語、狀語或補(bǔ)語時,一律用過去分詞。例如:
1. Even the best writers find themselves lost for words.
be lost "迷茫的",在句中作賓補(bǔ),用lost即可。
2. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
be seated意為" 坐;坐著",在句中作表語,用seated即可。
3.Tired and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
be tired意為" 感到很累", 在句中作狀語,用tired即可。
4. Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
be faced with意為" 面臨;面對", 在句中作狀語,用faced即可。
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. _______nearly all our money , we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel . (spend)
2. When we saw the road _______ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. (block)
3. The sunlight is white and blinding, _______ hard-edged shadows on the ground. (throw)
4. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations. (use)
5. If ______ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. (ask)
6. The room is empty except for a bookshelf ______ in one corner.(stand)
7. The judge gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ______. (worry)
8. ______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. (not know)
2019年北京石景山區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點(diǎn)(二)
冠詞與數(shù)詞
冠詞本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞題型基本分為有三種,一種是定冠詞(指定,特指,有限定條件或者范圍),另一種是不定冠詞(沒有指定,不是特指,泛指,一般為同類),還有一種是零冠詞(即不使用冠詞,常常放在不可數(shù)名詞中物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞的前面)。
2.1 不定冠詞的用法
不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是"一(個)"的意思。a用于輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用于元音音素前,一般讀做[en]。 并非是很多同學(xué)誤解的把a(bǔ)n放在a、e、i、o、u五個元音字母前就可以了。
1 表示"一個",意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。
e.g. There's a policeman at the door. Pass me an apple, please. A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位凌先生在等你
2初次提起某人或某物,表示"一個"。 There is a bottle on the table. The bottle is empty.
3表示非特指的任何"一個",代表同類事物中的"一個"。 A camel is bigger than a horse.
4 代表一類人或物。
e.g. A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。 Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程師。
5用在表示時間、速度和價格等名詞前,表示"每一",相當(dāng)于介詞,per的用法。twice a day, 80 km an hour
6用在序數(shù)詞前,表示"再一、又一",還沒進(jìn)行過/用過/來過/吃過a second time再一次(言外之意指第二次)
7組成詞組或成語,習(xí)慣用不定冠詞的短語:
e.g. a piece of, a cup/glass of, a pair of, a loaf of, a pile of, a kind/type/sort of, a (large) number of, a lot (of), a couple of, a bit/little/few,
a good/great many, many a / as a rule / as a result (of) / a great deal of, as a matter of fact, in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while(soon after/shortly after) / after a while / a moment later, quite a few/lot
as a result, catch/have a cold/fever /headache, have a chance; have/take a bath, have/take a break, have/take a breath; have/take a rest, have/take a swim, have a try/go, have a walk, go for a walk, pay a visit to; have a good/great time, have/live/lead a happy life,
keep an eye on / all of a sudden / do sb a favour(favor),
Everything comes with ________ price; there is no such ________ thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, a
B. the, /
C. the, a
D. a, /
8用在某些物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞(不可數(shù)名詞)前 ,即不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)化
e.g. a gentle wind一陣微風(fēng),a heavy rain一場大雨,be a big success很成功
It's _____ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
A. 不填, a
B. a, 不填
C. the, a
D. a, the
First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression.
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. a; a
D. the; a
The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that____ people from all walks of life are working hard for___ new Jiangsu.
A.不填; a
B. 不填;the
C. the; a
D. the; the
2019年北京石景山區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點(diǎn)(三)
We can never expect _______ bluer sky unless we create _________ less polluted world.
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.
A. the; a
B. a; a
C. the; the
D. a; the
Washing machines made by China have won ________ worldwide attention and Haier has become _______ popular name.
A. a; the
B. /; a
C. /; the
D. the; a
What I need is ________ book that contains ______ ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填
B. the; 不填
C. the; an
D. a; the
2.2 定冠詞的用法
1定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有"那(這)個"的意思,但意義較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西,意思是這個,那個,這些,那些。Do you like the books?
2特指雙方都明白的人或物。雙方都知道的人或物。
e.g. Would you mind my opening the window? Look. Here comes the bus. Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。
3上文前面提到的人、物或與其有關(guān)的事物。I got a letter just now. The letter was sent by e-mail.
e.g. He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
4世上少有的事物及自然現(xiàn)象。The moon moves around the earth. the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth等。
5與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:
e.g. the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍;the rich 富人; the living 生者。與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體。
6用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞更高級,及形容詞only,very,same等前面
e.g.序數(shù)詞前。June is the sixth month of the year.
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。
形容詞、副詞更高級前(副詞前常省略the)the best season of the year, work (the) hardest
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。
7表年代、朝代、時代的名詞前。e.g. at the age of … in the age in the 1990(')s in one's sixties in the 21st century
8表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前。
e.g. She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。 He hit me on the head= He hit my head.
They are the teachers of this school.(指全體教師) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)
9用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家完整名稱、報紙、書、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級名稱等專有名詞前。
e.g. the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 the United States 美國 the Times泰晤士報
10在表示樂器的名詞之前。
e.g. She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。play the piano彈鋼琴, learn the guitar學(xué)吉他
11用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,指全家人或全家人中的一些人
e.g.夫婦倆等。the Blacks, the Zhangs, the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫婦)
12用在慣用語中。
例如:in the day
in the morning (afternoon,evening)
the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday
the next morning
in the sky (water,field,country)
in the dark
in the middle (of)
in the end
at the beginning/end of
by the way
go to the theatre
、臿ll over the country/world ⑵at the age of
、莂t the beginning/end of ⑷at the moment ⑸at the top of one's voice高聲
、蔮y the way, in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處 ⑺in the east of
⑻in the end ⑼in the middle of ⑽in the morning/afternoon/evening
、蟧n the air(用無線電)播送 ⑿on the left/right ⒀on the phone
⒁on the radio通過無線電 ⒂on the spot當(dāng)場;到場At the scene 現(xiàn)場
、詏n the watch戒備;注意 ⒄on the way to ⒅on the whole總的來說
、護(hù)n the one hand…on the other hand…一方面…;另一方面…
㈤定冠詞the的基本用法
13定冠詞的位置:放在exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等詞之后。
I ate _______ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train.
A. the; a
B. the; the
C. a; the
D. a; a
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