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一、語法
Direct and Indirect Speech(1)
直接引語和間接引語
1.直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
eg: "I broke your CD player."(一般過去時(shí)改成過去完成時(shí))
He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said,"I have lost a book."(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改成過去完成時(shí))
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said,"I’ll go to see a friend."(一般將來時(shí)改成過去將來時(shí))
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
He said,"We hadn't finished our homework."(過去完成時(shí)保留原有的時(shí)態(tài))
He said they hadn't finished their homework.
注意:直接引語是客觀真理,過去進(jìn)行時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
2.在直接引語變間接引語時(shí),如果從句中的主語時(shí)先進(jìn)人稱或被先進(jìn)人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。如:
Mary said,"My brother is an engineer."
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
3.直接引語如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:
He said,"Can you run, Mike?"
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
4.直接引語如果是祈使句,間接引語應(yīng)改為“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth”句型。如:
"Pass me the water, please."said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
5.直接引語如果是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),通常用“suggest+動(dòng)名詞或從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
She said,"Let’s go to the cinema."
She suggested going to the cinema.(或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.)
二、高頻考點(diǎn)
1.倒裝句型:前句為肯定句,后句用so+謂語+主語,意為“某人也……”。如:
She likes dogs. So do I.
前句為否定句,后句用neither/nor+謂語+主語,意為“某人也不……”。如:
The girl has no brothers or sisters. Neither/Nor have I.
2.lonely, alone和lone
alone=by oneself, without others
lonely=unhappy because one is always away from his family or friends,“孤獨(dú)地”“寂寞的”,暗示主觀上的“孤獨(dú)”“寂寞”,渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒涼”。
lone也有“孤獨(dú)的,孤零零的一個(gè)”,作定語。
eg: I'm alone but I'm not lonely.
Ican see only one lone star in the cloudy sky.
leave sth alone表示“不去理會(huì),不要去管某事”。如:
Leave me alone!別理我!
Let alone“更不用說”。如:
He can't speak Japanese, let alone write it.
作形容詞時(shí),alone不能與very連用, 而與much連用,即說much alone或very much alone或all alone;而lonely可與very連用:very lonely.
3.treat sb. as ...把某人當(dāng)作……來對待
The old man treated the orphan as his own son.
“把某人看作……”有以下幾種說法:
regard sb as ...=consider sb as ...=think of sb as ...
“把……誤當(dāng)作……”: take ... for ...如:
People sometimes take a rope for a snake.
4.care about表示“關(guān)心,計(jì)較,在乎”,一般用于否定句。如:
Idon't care about going to the cinema.
care for表示“關(guān)心,照料,喜歡”,如:
She cared more for new clothes than for anything else.
5.make friends with sb.和……人交朋友。如:
We have made a lot of friends with the different people all over the world.
6.hunt for“竭力尋找”,在很多情況下,look for與search for或hunt for互換。如:
Ihunted for the missing book everywhere.
be after表示“搜尋”“尋找”的狀態(tài),不指具體的動(dòng)作。如:
That's what I am after.
7.such as用來列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子,有時(shí)可與like互換,但such as用于列舉時(shí)可分開使用。而for example一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例,作插入語,用逗號(hào)隔開,可置于句首句中或句末。
My brother likes collecting different kinds of things, such as coins, books.
三、常用詞語和句型
1.be into sth.對……感興趣,非常喜歡……(非正式英語)
eg: I'm not into classical music.
2.be fond of酷愛,非常喜歡,與enjoy相近,比like感情強(qiáng)。
eg: In his life, he is fond of English.
3.boring主語為物,如:
The book is boring.
bored主語為人,如:
He is bored.
4.survive幸存;活下來;殘存;繼續(xù)存在。
He survived the traffic accident.
Only three hundred houses survived the earthquake in that city.
survive作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“殘存;留傳”的意思。
The custom still survives in that small village.
四、日常交際用語
Hi there. I'm Joe.
Ienjoy singing.
Ihate hiking and I'm not into classical music.
I'm fond of dancing.
I'm (not) sure that ...
Perhaps ...
He/She thinks that ... is boring/terrible.
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