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高一人教版英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),北京考生不可錯(cuò)過(guò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)!

2020-03-28 23:39:01  來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

    點(diǎn)擊領(lǐng)取→高中人教版全套電子教材+全科知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

 

高一人教版英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),北京考生不可錯(cuò)過(guò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)!在做英語(yǔ)題目時(shí),同學(xué)們不要只憑感覺(jué),要主動(dòng)查字典,翻課本,力求作對(duì)每一個(gè)題,不懂的要問(wèn)。平時(shí)抓得緊,學(xué)習(xí)效率高,知識(shí)記得牢,考前復(fù)習(xí)就很輕松了,較后才能輕松地取得好成績(jī)!下面來(lái)看看英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些吧!

  一. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

  (一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi),間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外,還必須對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。

  1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),等等。例如:

  Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

  →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

  2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化: 根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化,例如:

  She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”

  →She asked Jack where he had been.

  He said,“These books are mine.”

  →He said that those books were his.

  (二)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),都使用陳述語(yǔ)序,但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌宰兂砷g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,則用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)間接引語(yǔ)。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, us等。如:

  She said,“Is your father at home?”

  →She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

  “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.

  →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

  直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語(yǔ)氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:

  She said to us,“Please sit down.”

  →She asked us to sit down.

  He said to him,“Go away!”

  →He ordered him to go away.

  He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

  →He told the boys not to make so much noise.

  二. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述

  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念:它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.

  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下:

  1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞

  例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

  2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were + 過(guò)去分詞

  例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

  3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall + be + 過(guò)去分詞

  例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

  4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are + being + 過(guò)去分詞

  例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

  5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + being + 過(guò)去分詞

  When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

  6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + been + 過(guò)去分詞

  His work has been finished.

  Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.

  7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had + been + 過(guò)去分詞

  注意:

  1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也可以和過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.

  2. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  More attention should be paid to the old in this country.

  This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.

  3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ),其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”和“be to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”。例如:

  The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.

  All these books are to be taken to the library.

  4. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別:“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu),與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通?捎胋y 引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而后者則不可以。例如:

  The map was changed by someone.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))

  That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

  系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞通?杀籿ery修飾,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞往往要用much修飾。

  例如:

  He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

  He was much excited by her words.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))

  5. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)一般是物。例如:

  These books sell well. 這些書(shū)很暢銷。

  The door won’t shut. 這門(mén)關(guān)不上。

  The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。

 

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  2019高一人教版生物知識(shí)點(diǎn),北京考生快來(lái)學(xué)起來(lái)~

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