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中考英語復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)梳理總結(jié)
這篇文章小編給大家總結(jié)歸納了中考英語的重要知識(shí)點(diǎn),接下來分享具體內(nèi)容,希望對同學(xué)們有幫助。
1倒裝句
1.全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
2.部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分北京英語中考一模如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。
句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
2獨(dú)立主格
1.獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換
當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個(gè)對象時(shí),可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句,但不再保留連詞。如:
Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下功課,孩子很快離開了教室。
2.不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形
在下列兩種情況下,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being(或havingbeen)不能省略:
(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是代詞時(shí)。如:
ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔,我們(nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。
(2)在Therebeing+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車,所以我們不得不步行回家。
3.通常不用物主代詞或冠詞
在“名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如:
MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走進(jìn)了課室,手里拿著一本書。
比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.
4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有北京英語中考一模所有格形式
Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主編來了,我們開始開會(huì)。
比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):
Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.
5.獨(dú)立主格的時(shí)態(tài)問題
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間或原因狀語時(shí),可用完成時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語之前。如:
Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.聽眾坐好后,音樂會(huì)開始了。
Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于湯姆一再遲到,他的老板非常失望。
3各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法
1. who 指人,在定語從句中作主語。例如:
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語。例如:
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人,在定語從句中作定語。例如:
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物,在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如:
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物,有時(shí)也指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如:
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作狀語。例如:
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
4語法一致的原則
1.以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,北京英語中考一模動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
2.由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
3.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
4.主語是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例
如:
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
5句子成分
英語句子成分分七種:主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。
1.主語:句子的主體,全句述說的對象;卮鹗“誰”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng),位于句首。
如:The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2.謂語:說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);卮“做(什么)”。由動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞加表語擔(dān)任,常置于主語后。
如:The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3.賓語:表示動(dòng)作的對象;卮鹱龅氖“什么”。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng),常置于謂語后。
如:He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
注意:
(1)有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物(直接賓語),一個(gè)指人(間接賓語)。
間接賓語一般放在直接賓語前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)
(2)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)
4.表語:用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等;卮鹗“什么”或者“怎么樣”。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任,置于系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞之后。
如:He is a student. We are tired.
注意:除了be 系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞,
(1)表感官的動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞: 北京英語中考一模remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5.定語:對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。
如:The black bike is mine.(形容詞)
The boy in blue is Jim.(介詞短語)
I have nothing to do today.(動(dòng)詞不定式)
注意:
(1)當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如:nothing , anything , everything , something等時(shí),定語要放在其后作后置定語。例如: I tell him something interesting.
(2)不定式、短語或從句作定語時(shí),也放在被修飾的名詞之后。
例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6.狀語:用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及全句,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任位置靈活。
(1)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前;
如:I am very sorry.
(2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。
如:In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
(3)一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,動(dòng)詞之前。
如:We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7.補(bǔ)語:補(bǔ)充說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語后。
如:He made me sad.(形容詞)
She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)
The war made him a soldier.(名詞)
I find him at home.(介詞短語)
I saw a cat running along the wall.(分詞)
8.同位語:通常緊跟在名詞、北京英語中考一模代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明它的情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。
如:Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
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