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當(dāng)前位置:上海學(xué)而思1對(duì)1 > 中考欄目 > 中考英語(yǔ) > 正文

2021中考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納,中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納(最新完整版)(2)

2021-04-10 14:37:07  來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

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三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

 

1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“推測(cè)”的用法

[考點(diǎn)快憶](méi) 表示肯定推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:must“一定;準(zhǔn)是”,may“也許;可能”,might“或許”;表示否定推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can t“不可能”, couldn t“不會(huì)”,may not“也許不”,might not“或許不”;can表示推測(cè)時(shí)不用于肯定句,may表示推測(cè)時(shí)不用于疑問(wèn)句。

 

2.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引起的一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)

[考點(diǎn)快憶](méi) 回答must時(shí),肯定答語(yǔ)用must,否定答語(yǔ)用needn t或don t have to。回答need時(shí),肯定答語(yǔ)用must,否定答語(yǔ)用needn t;卮餸ay時(shí),肯定答語(yǔ)用may,否定答語(yǔ)用mustn t 或can t。

 

3.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義

[考點(diǎn)快憶](méi) must “必須”;have to“不得不”;need “必須;需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall,will (would)“將;會(huì);愿意;要”;should“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。

 

“had better (not) + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示建議;have to / has to / had to的否定,疑問(wèn)形式要借助于助動(dòng)詞do / does / did。

 

四. There be 的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

 

There be是一個(gè)“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,

 

肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

 

be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定,看be后邊先進(jìn)個(gè)名詞,當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),be動(dòng)詞形式為is;當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),be動(dòng)詞為are;當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)時(shí),be動(dòng)詞與較臨近主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為“某地有某人或某物”。如:

 

There is an eraser and two pens>There are two pens and an eraser

 

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

 

否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

 

There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒(méi)貓。

There aren t any books

 

(2)there be句型的疑問(wèn)句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

 

肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn t / aren t.

 

-Is there a dog in the picture?畫上有一只狗嗎

-Yes, there is. 有。

 

-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船嗎

-No, there aren t. 沒(méi)有。

 

(3)特殊疑問(wèn)句:How many . . . are there (+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

 

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

 

有時(shí)直接就用數(shù)字來(lái)回答。One. / Two . . .

 

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少孩子

 

(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,用:How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

 

How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

 

五. 中考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查:

 

一.定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

 

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

 

二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

 

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定于從句,在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。

<1>. 作主語(yǔ):關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如: 

 

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

 

<2>. 作賓語(yǔ):She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

 

<3>. 作定語(yǔ)

 

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用。例如:

 

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

 

<4>. 作狀語(yǔ)     

 

 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

 

三. 各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

 

1. who 指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

 

2. whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如:

 

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

 

3. whose 指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如:

 

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

 

4. which指物,在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:

 

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

 

5. that多指物,有時(shí)也指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:

 

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

 

6. when 指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如:

 

I’ll never forget the time when we worked>He arrived in Beijing>

 

7. where 指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如:

 

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

 

四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom, which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間,有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面,如:

 

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

 

五. 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題:

 

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況:

(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。

All that he said is true.

 

(2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。

 

(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如:

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

 

(4) 先行詞是形容詞更高級(jí)或被形容詞更高級(jí)修飾的詞。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

 

(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如:

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

 

2. 只能用which,不用that 的情況:

(1) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。例如:

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

 

(2) 定語(yǔ)從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),先行詞是物時(shí)。例如:

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

 

考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語(yǔ)從句。

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