2021中考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納，中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納(最新完整版)(2)

 

三．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

 

1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“推測(cè)”的用法

[考點(diǎn)快憶](méi) 表示肯定推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：must“一定；準(zhǔn)是”，may“也許；可能”，might“或許”；表示否定推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can t“不可能”， couldn t“不會(huì)”，may not“也許不”，might not“或許不”；can表示推測(cè)時(shí)不用于肯定句，may表示推測(cè)時(shí)不用于疑問(wèn)句。

 

2.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引起的一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)

[考點(diǎn)快憶](méi) 回答must時(shí)，肯定答語(yǔ)用must,否定答語(yǔ)用needn t或don t have to。回答need時(shí)，肯定答語(yǔ)用must,否定答語(yǔ)用needn t�；卮餸ay時(shí)，肯定答語(yǔ)用may，否定答語(yǔ)用mustn t 或can t。

 

3.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義

[考點(diǎn)快憶](méi) must “必須”；have to“不得不”；need “必須；需要”；can(could)“能；可能”；may (might) “可以；可能”；shall，will (would)“將；會(huì)；愿意；要”；should“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。

 

“had better (not) + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示建議；have to / has to ／ had to的否定，疑問(wèn)形式要借助于助動(dòng)詞do ／ does ／ did。

 

四． There be 的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

 

There be是一個(gè)“存在”句型，表示“有”的意思，

 

肯定句的形式為：There be + 名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

 

be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定，看be后邊先進(jìn)個(gè)名詞，當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞形式為is；當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞為are；當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞與較臨近主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為“某地有某人或某物”。如：

 

There is an eraser and two pens>There are two pens and an eraser

 

（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。

 

否定形式為：There be + not + （any） + 名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

 

There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒(méi)貓。

There aren t any books

 

（2）there be句型的疑問(wèn)句就是將be提到句首：Be there + （any） +名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

 

肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn t / aren t.

 

-Is there a dog in the picture?畫上有一只狗嗎

-Yes, there is. 有。

 

-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船嗎

-No, there aren t. 沒(méi)有。

 

（3）特殊疑問(wèn)句：How many . . . are there （+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）

 

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

 

有時(shí)直接就用數(shù)字來(lái)回答。One. / Two . . .

 

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少孩子

 

（4）如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用：How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

 

How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

 

五． 中考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查：

 

一．定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

 

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

 

二．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

 

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。

<1>. 作主語(yǔ)：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：　

 

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

 

<2>. 作賓語(yǔ)：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

 

<3>. 作定語(yǔ)

 

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用。例如：

 

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

 

<4>. 作狀語(yǔ)     

 

 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

 

三. 各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

 

1. who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

 

2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如：

 

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

 

3. whose 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：

 

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

 

4. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如：

 

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

 

5. that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如：

 

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

 

6. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：

 

I’ll never forget the time when we worked>He arrived in Beijing>

 

7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：

 

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

 

四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面，如：

 

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

 

五. 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題：

 

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。

All that he said is true.

 

(2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。

 

(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

 

(4) 先行詞是形容詞更高級(jí)或被形容詞更高級(jí)修飾的詞。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

 

(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

 

2. 只能用which，不用that 的情況：

(1) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

 

(2) 定語(yǔ)從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

 

考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語(yǔ)從句。