初中英語8種時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納，初中英語必考八大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及用法詳解

在初中階段，8大時(shí)態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)可以說是很多同學(xué)的難點(diǎn)，尤其是在寫作的時(shí)候，對于時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別，大多數(shù)同學(xué)都有點(diǎn)不知所措。

 

為大家總結(jié)一下初中英語必考八大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及用法詳解，一起來看看吧。

 

英語八大時(shí)態(tài)

 

 

No.1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：動詞原形

 

 

1. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，常與表頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用：

 

She often speaks English.

 

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

 

2. 表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、職業(yè)、能力、感覺等：

 

He seems to feel a bit down today.

 

He works as a driver.

 

3.  表示真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實(shí)或用于格言警句中：

 

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

 

Columbus proved that the earth is round.

 

Where there is a will, there is a way.

 

4. 表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動作：

 

Here comes the bus!

 

5.  表示將來：

 

1) 表按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的趨向動詞），可以與表示未來的時(shí)間狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通狀況。如：

 

The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.

 

How often does the shuttle bus run?

 

2) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的事情：

 

When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.

 

I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.

 

No.2、一般過去時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：動詞過去式

 

 

*閉音節(jié)：元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果發(fā)字母本來的音則稱為開音節(jié)，否則稱為閉音節(jié)。

 

1. 表示過去某時(shí)所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等）。如：

 

Jim rang you just now.

 

Liu Ying was in America last year.

 

2. 表示過去經(jīng)�；蚍磸�(fù)發(fā)生的動作，特別是used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的就是過去常常。如：

 

When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.

 

She used to visit her mother once a week.

 

*注意區(qū)分sb. used to do sth.（某人過去常常做某事，此處to是動詞不定式標(biāo)志符號）和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.（某人習(xí)慣于某物/做某事，此處to是介詞）。

 

3. 代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。此用法僅適用于少數(shù)動詞（如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等）及情態(tài)動詞could, would。如：

 

I wondered if you could have a word with me.

 

I hoped you could help me with my English.

 

Would you mind my sitting here?

 

4.  虛擬語氣中用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)。常用句型有：

 

It is time that sb. did sth. “某人該做某事了”

 

would rather sb. did sth. “寧愿某人做某事”

 

No.3、一般將來時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：will / shall + 動詞原形

 

1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用（e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等）。如：

 

We shall have a lot of rain next month.

 

My husband will come back in a few days.

 

2.  表示傾向性和習(xí)慣性：

 

Fish will die without water.

 

When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.

 

3.  一般將來時(shí)的幾種句式結(jié)構(gòu)辨析：

 

1) will / shall + 動詞原形多用于表達(dá)主觀愿望或必定會發(fā)生的事情（“將會如何”）*shall作助動詞時(shí)一般只用于第一人稱

 

2) be going to + 動詞原形表示即將發(fā)生或打算要做的事：

 

It is going to rain.

 

We are going to have a meeting today.

 

3) be to + 動詞原形表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動作：

 

He is to visit Japan next year.

 

We are to discuss the report on Monday.

 

4)  be about to + 動詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為“馬上要做某事”，后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語，如：

 

The plane is about to start.

 

Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.

 

No.4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：be + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

 

1.  表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作：

 

She is writing a letter upstairs.

 

Who are you waiting for?

 

It is raining hard.

 

2.  表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作（說話時(shí)動作未必正在進(jìn)行）：

 

I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.

 

3.  表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，往往包含說話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如：

 

John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.

 

He is always thinking of others first.

 

4. 表示將來

 

1)  表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作，僅適用于部分趨向動詞（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：

 

Uncle Wang is coming.

 

They're leaving for Beijing.

 

2)  在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事情。如：

 

Please drop in when you are passing my way.

 

If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.

 

No.5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：was / were + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

 

1.  表示過去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中常用的時(shí)間狀語有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如：

 

I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.

 

They were watching TV at home last night.

 

2.  表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，往往包含說話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如：

 

My brother was always losing his keys.

 

3.  表示按計(jì)劃、安排過去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動作，僅適用于部分趨向動詞（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：

 

He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.

 

4.  過去進(jìn)行時(shí)有一個(gè)主要用法就是描述一件事情發(fā)生的背景（一個(gè)長動作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動作發(fā)生）：

 

Granny fell asleep when she was reading.

 

It was raining when they left the station.

 

No.6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：have / has + 動詞的過去分詞

 

1. 表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生并已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況（表示“已完成”）。如：

 

He has left the city. （結(jié)果：他目前不在這個(gè)城市）

 

Someone has broken the window. （結(jié)果：窗戶破了）

 

2. 表示一個(gè)動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能還會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去（表示“未完成”）。

 

I have been busy since last week.

 

He has taught in our school for 30 years.

 

I’ve finished half so far.

 

注意：瞬間動詞通常是不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)性的，但其否定結(jié)構(gòu)則可以。如：

 

She hasn’t seen you for ages.

 

His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.

 

3. 表示過去到現(xiàn)在為止反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻度的副詞always, often, every day等連用。如：

 

I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.

 

4. 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)完成的動作。如：

 

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

 

If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.

 

5. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的常見詞語能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語很多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常見的有：

 

1) since 自從

 

I have been there many times since the war.

 

We haven’t seen each other since last week.

 

We have been friends ever since.

 

2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在過去/最近…中

 

I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.

 

Great changes have take place in the last ten years.

 

I have been here (for) the last/past month.

 

3) so far 到目前為止

 

We haven’t had any trouble so far.

 

So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.

 

4)  up to/until now 到現(xiàn)在為止

 

Up to now he’s been quiet.

 

Up to now, the work has been easy.

 

I have heard nothing from him up till now.

 

Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.

 

5)  It is/will be the first/second … time that … 這是第一/二…次…

 

It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.

 

It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.

 

It is the second time (that) I have met him today.

 

6)  This is + 形容詞最高級 + that … 這是最…

 

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

 

6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

 

1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系；而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去，不涉及對現(xiàn)在的影響。如：

 

I have seen this film. （我已經(jīng)看過了這部電影）

 

I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的這部電影）

 

2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等），或者干脆沒有時(shí)間狀語；而一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用（如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等）。

 

3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)時(shí)一般使用延續(xù)性動詞（如live, teach, work, know等）；而一般過去時(shí)常使用瞬間動詞（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如：

 

He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.

 

My grandfather bought the car five years ago.

 

7. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析

 

1)  考生容易把一些瞬間動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)，這是錯(cuò)誤的。如：

 

(×) He has died for two years. 他死了兩年了。

 

(√) He has been dead for two years.

 

(√) He died two years ago.

 

(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電影開演十分鐘了。

 

(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.

 

(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.

 

(×) She has married for three years. 她結(jié)婚有三年了。

 

(√) She has been married for three years.

 

(√) She married Mike three years ago.

 

2) 考生不懂如何區(qū)分have been to和have gone to，盡管兩者均可后接地點(diǎn)，但have been to表示去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了），have gone to表示到某地去了（現(xiàn)在還沒回來）。如：

 

She has been to Paris (three times).

 

She has gone to Paris.

 

No.7、過去完成時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：had + 動詞的過去分詞

 

1. 表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。如：

 

By the end of last week he had finished the work.

 

He had left when I arrived.

 

2.  表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)。如：

 

We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

 

The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.

 

3. 某些表意向的動詞（如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等）的過去完成時(shí)表示主語未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、打算。如：

 

I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.

 

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

 

4. （虛擬語氣）在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主觀愿望。如：

 

The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.

 

I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.

 

5.  過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)

 

1) 基本區(qū)別：過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，而一般過去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

 

He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)（離現(xiàn)在兩年）

 

He said he had studied there two years before.他說他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)過。（離他說話時(shí)兩年）

 

2) 特別注意：兩個(gè)動作如果按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或者用then, and, but等連詞連接時(shí)，多用一般過去時(shí)。如：

 

When she saw the mouse, she screamed.

 

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

 

No.8、過去將來時(shí)

 

標(biāo)志：would + 動詞原形

 

1. 表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般用于主句為過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。如：

 

He said he would come here next Friday.

 

I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.

 

2. 表示過去的動作習(xí)慣或傾向：

 

The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.

 

When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.

 

3. 用于虛擬語氣中：

 

If I were you, I would not do that.

 

If he were here, he would show us how to do it.

 

4. 過去將來時(shí)的其他形式

 

1)  was / were going to + 動詞原形。如：

 

He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.

 

She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.

 

2) was / were to + 動詞原形。如：

 

The building was to be completed next month.

 

Li Lei was to arrive soon.

 

3)  was / were about to + 動詞原形。如：

 

We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.

 

He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.